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research [2017/11/02 02:53]
research [2020/01/29 22:57]
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 ====== Research ====== ====== Research ======
  
-===== Geometric Low-Level ​Variational Image Analysis on Metric Measure Spaces =====+===== Variational Image Analysis on Manifolds and Metric Measure Spaces =====
  
-We exploit basic statistical manifolds to devise variational models of low-level image analysis that exhibit ​favourable ​properties in comparison to established convex and non-convex models: smoothness, probabilistic interpretation,​ efficiently converging parallel and sparse Riemannian numerical updates that scale up to large problem sizes. The current focus is on the assignment manifold and image labeling, and on learning from image assignments in large-scale unsupervised scenarios, within the mathematical frameworks of information geometry and regularised optimal transport.+**Scope.** ​We exploit basic statistical manifolds to devise variational models of low-level image analysis that exhibit ​favorable ​properties in comparison to established convex and non-convex models: smoothness, probabilistic interpretation,​ efficiently converging parallel and sparse Riemannian numerical updates that scale up to large problem sizes. ​
  
-We applied our approach to solve in a novel way the MAP labeling ​problem based on a given graphical model by smoothly combining a geometric reformulation of the local polytope relaxation with rounding to an integral solution. A key ingredient are local `Wasserstein messages'​ that couple local assignment ​measures along edges.+The current focus is on the **//​assignment manifold//​** and image labeling, and on learning from image assignments in large-scale unsupervised scenarios, within ​the mathematical frameworks of information geometry and regularised optimal transport. A novel smooth dynamical system evolving on a statistical manifold, called **//assignment ​flow//**, forms the basis of our work.
  
-  ​[[https://​arxiv.org/​abs/​1710.01493|preprintarXiv:​1710.014932017]]+**Mathematical aspects.** The assignment flow evolves non-locally for any data given on a graphGeometric and variational aspectsextensions to continuous domainsscale separation and models of knowledge representation across the scales are investigated. ​
  
-Kick-off paper that introduces ​the basic approach:+A preliminary extension from graphs to the continuous domain in the `zero-scale limit' (local interaction only) reveals ​the interplay between the underlying geometry and variational aspects. 
 +  * [[https://​arxiv.org/​abs/​1910.07287|Continuous-Domain Assignment Flow, preprint arXiv:​1910.07287]]. 
 +A more classical //​additive//​ variational reformulation provides a smooth geometric version of the continuous cut approach
 +  * [[https://​ipa.math.uni-heidelberg.de/​dokuwiki/​Papers/​Savarino2019aa.pdf|A Variational Perspective on the Assignment Flow, SSVM 2019]].
  
-  ​* [[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10851-016-0702-4|JMathImagVision2017]] +**Parameter learning.** We study how weights for geometric diffusion that parametrize the adaptivity of the assignment flow can be learned from data. Symplectic integration ensures the commutativity of discretization and optimization operations. Results reveal the steerability of the assignment flow and its potential for pattern //​formation//​. 
-  * [[https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1007/s10851-016-0702-4?​author_access_token=qTJknl5fUiTP-FjpTKUBO_e4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY6Xsf53Ss0CTbPqiHjWrFr9KxurTkJxDnblRwd66rV9vVhzVeITjqSsDSC8NWZFxg9y-pWgHhjix00mggjora7T-qHFcXzGInobFGxuIfcnEA%3D%3D|Link to online PDF]]+  ​* [[https://arxiv.org/​abs/​1910.09976|Learning Adaptive Regularization for Image Labeling Using Geometric Assignment, preprint arXiv:​1910.09976]] 
 +  * [[https://ipa.math.uni-heidelberg.de/​dokuwiki/​Papers/​Huhnerbein2019aa.pdf|Conference version, SSVM 2019]]. 
 + 
 +**Unsupervised label learning.** Our recent work concerns the emergence of labels in a completely unsupervised way by data //self//-assignment. The resulting //self-assignment flow// has connections to low-rank matrix factorization and discrete optimal mass transport that are explored in our current work. 
 +  * [[https://​arxiv.org/​abs/​1911.03472|Self-Assignment Flows for Unsupervised Data Labeling on Graphs; preprint: arXiv:1911.03472]] 
 +  * [[https://​ipa.math.uni-heidelberg.de/​dokuwiki/​Papers/​Zisler2019aa.pdf|Unsupervised Labeling by Geometric and Spatially Regularized Self-AssignmentSSVM 2019]]
 + 
 +We extended the assignment flow to //​unsupervised//​ scenarios, where label evolution on a feature manifold is simultaneously performed together with label assignment to given data. The following papers introduce the corresponding //​unsupervised assignment flow//. 
 +  * [[https://ipa.math.uni-heidelberg.de/dokuwiki/​Papers/​Zern2019aa.pdf|Unsupervised Assignment Flow: Label Learning on Feature Manifolds by Spatially Regularized Geometric Assignment, preprint arXiv:​1904.10863]] 
 +  * [[https://​ipa.math.uni-heidelberg.de/​dokuwiki/​Papers/​gcpr2018.pdf|Unsupervised Label Learning on Manifolds by Spatially Regularized Geometric Assignment, GCPR 2018]]. 
 + 
 +**Geometric numerical integration.** We conducted a comprehensive study of //geometric integration//​ techniques, including automatic step size adaption, for numerically computing the assignment flow in a stable, efficient and parameter-free way.  
 +  * [[https://​iopscience.iop.org/​article/10.1088/1361-6420/​ab2772|Geometric Numerical Integration of the Assignment Flow, Inverse Problems, 2019]] 
 +  * [[https://​ipa.math.uni-heidelberg.de/​dokuwiki/​Papers/​Zeilmann2018aa.pdf|preprint:​ arXiv:​1810.06970]] 
 + 
 +**Evaluation of discrete graphical models.** We applied our approach to solve in a novel way the //MAP labeling problem// based on a given graphical model by smoothly combining a geometric reformulation of the local polytope relaxation with rounding to an integral solution. A key ingredient are local `//​Wasserstein messages//'​ that couple local assignment measures along edges. 
 + 
 +  * [[https://​epubs.siam.org/​doi/​abs/​10.1137/​17M1150669|Image Labeling Based on Graphical Models Using Wasserstein Messages and Geometric Assignment, SIAM J. on Imaging Science 11/2 (2018) 1317--1362]] 
 + 
 +**Kick-off paper** that introduces the basic approach: 
 + 
 +  * [[https://​ipa.math.uni-heidelberg.de/​dokuwiki/​Papers/​Astroem2017.pdf|Image Labeling by Assignment.,​ J. Math. Imag. Vision 58/2 (2017) 211--238]]
   * [[http://​www-rech.telecom-lille.fr/​diff-cv2016/​|Proceedings DIFF-CVML'​16;​ Grenander best paper award]]   * [[http://​www-rech.telecom-lille.fr/​diff-cv2016/​|Proceedings DIFF-CVML'​16;​ Grenander best paper award]]
   * [[https://​ipa.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de/​dokuwiki/​Papers/​Astroem2016d.pdf|Proceedings ECCV'​16]]   * [[https://​ipa.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de/​dokuwiki/​Papers/​Astroem2016d.pdf|Proceedings ECCV'​16]]
 ===== Estimating Vehicle Ego-Motion and Piecewise Planar Scene Structure from Optical Flow in a Continuous Framework ===== ===== Estimating Vehicle Ego-Motion and Piecewise Planar Scene Structure from Optical Flow in a Continuous Framework =====
  
-We propose a variational approach for estimating egomotion and structure of a static scene from a pair of images recorded by a single moving camera. In our approach the scene structure is described by a set of 3D planar surfaces, which are linked to a SLIC superpixel decomposition of the image domain. The continuously parametrized planes are determined along with the extrinsic camera parameters by jointly minimizing a non-convex smooth objective function, that comprises a data term based on the pre-calculated optical flow between the input images and suitable priors on the scene variables.+We propose a variational approach for estimating egomotion and structure of a static scene from a pair of images recorded by a single moving camera. In our approachthe scene structure is described by a set of 3D planar surfaces, which are linked to a SLIC superpixel decomposition of the image domain. The continuously parametrized planes are determined along with the extrinsic camera parameters by jointly minimizing a non-convex smooth objective function, that comprises a data term based on the pre-calculated optical flow between the input images and suitable priors on the scene variables.
  
  
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 Johannes Berger, Andreas Neufeld, Florian Becker, Frank Lenzen, Christoph Schnörr Johannes Berger, Andreas Neufeld, Florian Becker, Frank Lenzen, Christoph Schnörr
  
-[[https://hciweb.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de/​node/2385|Details]]+Details: ​[[https://ipa.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de/​dokuwiki/Papers/​Berger2015a.pdf|Paper]]
 ===== Partial Optimality in MAP-MRF ===== ===== Partial Optimality in MAP-MRF =====
  
-We consider the energy minimization problem for undirected graphical models, also known as MAP-inference problem for Markov random fields which is NP-hard in general. We propose a novel polynomial time algorithm to obtain a part of its optimal non-relaxed integral solution. For this task we devise a novel pruning strategy that utilizes standard MAP-solvers as subroutine. We show that our pruning strategy is in a certain sense theoretically optimal. Also empirically our method outperforms previous approaches in terms of the number of persistently ​labelled ​variables. The method is very general, as it is applicable to models with arbitrary factors of an arbitrary order and can employ any solver for the considered relaxed problem. Our method’s runtime is determined by the runtime of the convex relaxation solver for the MAP-inference problem.+We consider the energy minimization problem for undirected graphical models, also known as MAP-inference problem for Markov random fields which is NP-hard in general. We propose a novel polynomial time algorithm to obtain a part of its optimal non-relaxed integral solution. For this taskwe devise a novel pruning strategy that utilizes standard MAP-solvers as subroutine. We show that our pruning strategy is in a certain sense theoretically optimal. Also empirically our method outperforms previous approaches in terms of the number of persistently ​labeled ​variables. The method is very general, as it is applicable to models with arbitrary factors of arbitrary order and can employ any solver for the considered relaxed problem. Our method’s runtime is determined by the runtime of the convex relaxation solver for the MAP-inference problem.
  
 **Researchers**:​ Paul Swoboda, Bogdan Savchynskyy,​ Alexander Shekhovtsov,​ Jörg Hendrik Kappes, Christoph Schnörr\\ ​ **Researchers**:​ Paul Swoboda, Bogdan Savchynskyy,​ Alexander Shekhovtsov,​ Jörg Hendrik Kappes, Christoph Schnörr\\ ​
 Details: ​ [[https://​ipa.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de/​dokuwiki/​Papers/​Swoboda2016.pdf|Paper]] Details: ​ [[https://​ipa.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de/​dokuwiki/​Papers/​Swoboda2016.pdf|Paper]]
-===== Context Specific Independence and Graphical Models ===== 
- 
-This projects focuses on the connections between the field of probabilistic graphical models and the family of models that are able to represent efficiently distributions in which Context Specific Independences (CSIs) appear (dependences that are not fixed but only happen given a certain "​context"​ state). Such models include And/Or graphs, Arithmetic Circuits, Sum-Product Networks, and others. 
- 
-These CSI models are more expressive than graphical models but they lack the compactness and the theoretical framework of the latter. By creating new connections between the two fields we aim to translate algorithms and methodologies from one to the other, thereby obtaining a compact representation of CSI enjoying the sound probabilistic framework of graphical models. 
- 
-A long-term objective is to better understand the properties of  
-deep learning architectures,​ in particular those with a probabilistic ​ 
-interpretation. 
- 
-**Researchers**:​ Mattia Desana, Christoph Schnörr